Bibek Debroy dies at 69: A visionary economist and policy reformer

Prominent economist, scholar, and author Bibek Debroy died on Friday, leaving behind a profound legacy. Renowned for his contributions to economic policy, academic work, and classical Indian literature, Debroy served as the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM). His guidance was instrumental in shaping several key economic reforms and development strategies that have defined modern India.
Born in 1955, Debroy emerged from a distinguished academic lineage, earning his degree from the prestigious Presidency College in Kolkata. He pursued further studies in economics at the Delhi School of Economics and later at Trinity College, Cambridge.
His journey blended rigorous Western economic theories with a deep understanding of Indian economics and policy. This perspective enabled him to offer balanced and nuanced insights, significantly enriching the discourse on India’s economic landscape.
Debroy’s career included many important roles in economic policy and reform. Before leading the EAC-PM, he was a member of NITI Aayog, where he pushed for reforms to modernise the Indian Railways. His recommendations laid the groundwork for policy changes that still impact the efficiency of one of the world’s largest rail networks today.
As the leader of the EAC-PM, he played a key role in shaping fiscal policies, economic growth, and structural reforms. His focus on data-driven strategies encouraged investment and economic stability while supporting long-term sustainable growth for India. Colleagues and officials praised Debroy for his dedication to economic clarity and his efforts to improve economic literacy among a wider audience.
Following his death, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “Dr. Bibek Debroy Ji was a towering scholar, well-versed in diverse domains like economics, history, culture, politics, spirituality and more. Through his works, he left an indelible mark on India’s intellectual landscape. Beyond his contributions to public policy, he enjoyed working on our ancient texts, making them accessible to the youth.”
In addition to his contributions to economics, Debroy was known for translating Indian epics into English. His work on texts like the Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita made these classics accessible to a global audience while maintaining their authenticity.
Through his translations, Debroy highlighted the importance of ancient Indian wisdom in addressing today’s challenges, connecting traditional values with modern interpretations.
In September, Debroy resigned from his position as chancellor of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics in Pune, following the Bombay High Court’s decision to reinstate Vice-Chancellor Ajit Ranade after a prior dismissal by the institute’s board.
Throughout his illustrious career, Debroy authored and co-authored over 50 books covering diverse topics from economics to Indian philosophy and penned numerous academic papers. His exceptional contributions to literature and education were recognised when he was awarded the Padma Shri in 2015.
Bibek Debroy leaves behind a lasting legacy as a leader who skilfully combined economic policy with classical scholarship. His influence will continue to be felt among scholars, policymakers, and students, making a significant impact on India’s intellectual landscape.
As the nation remembers Debroy’s contributions, it honours not only an economist who shaped its policies but also a figure who linked India’s rich heritage with its future aspirations.